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2008年自考英语（二）常考词组汇总
2008年09月04日 14:18 阅读次数：1100
1.in the way 挡路，阻碍，妨碍
2.to make a guess at 对...进行猜测
3.to blind sb.to sth. 使某人看不到某物,使某人对某物丧失判断力
4.to contribute to sth.(1)促成，导致（2）有助于，增添（3）捐助，贡献（4）撰稿，投稿
5.to seek to do sth.设法做某事
6.in part部分地；在某种程度上
7.vary from...to... 从...变为...；在...与...之间变化
8.and the like 等等，诸如此类
9.point of view 观点，看法
10.to apply for 申请，请求
11.day-to-day (1)日常的，每日常规工作的（2）逐日的
12.to have no idea 不知道；无能力
13.to take the trouble to do sth.费力做某事，不辞劳苦做某事
14.to put oneself in sb’s place 设身处地替某人着想
15.to one’s advantage 处于不利地位
16.to ask for 要求，请求，要价，讨价
17.in hand （1）在手中（持有）；在手头（随时可用）（2）在控制下（3）正在办理、处理之中
18.to make sure(of/that)（1）弄清楚，核实查明（2）设法确保，最好
19.to turn down (1)to turn sb./down 顶回，拒不理会，拒绝(2)to turn sth down调节（炉具、收音机等）使热量、音量温度等降低（3）翻下
20.as soon as 一...就...，不迟于
21.aim to do sth.或aim at doing sth 计划；打算；以...为目标
22.experiment with 进行实验（试验）
23.in case 免得，以防万一，说不定
24.in theory 理论上，理论上讲
25.to apply to sth. (1)把...应用于...（2）致力于...，集中精力（做某事）
26.research into 研究、探讨、调查
27.to swallow up (1)吞没，淹没，掩盖（2）用尽，耗尽
28.to make use of 利用
29.depend on 依靠，指望
30.together with 和，连同
31.in every respect 在各个方面
32.in other words 换句话说，也就是说
33.to consist of 由...组成，由...构成
34.a great many 许多，很多
36.above all 最重要的，尤其，首先
37.as a rule 在多数情况下，通常，一般而言
38.to be affected with 感染（疾病），患有...病
39.to carry out (1)实施，执行，完成，贯彻，落实（2）进行（实验等）
40.in addition to 加之，除...以外
41.in this(that)case 这（那）样的话，既然这（那）样
42.to open up (1)畅谈（2）开业，开张
43.to care for （1）照顾，照看（2）喜欢，喜爱，愿意
44.to take into account(consideration) 考虑，体谅，包括
45.to have...at heart 很关心某事物，极欲支持或维护
46.to opt out(of) 决定不参加，退出
47.for short 简称,简写 in short 简而言之
48.to amount to (1)总计，共达（2）等于，相当于
49.on(the)average 平均来讲，按平均数计算
50.to compete with 与...竞争，对抗
51.to blame sb. for 为...责备某人，责怪某人
52.by nature 从天性上讲，本性上
53.to be related to 与...有关
54.to be worth(doing)sth. 值得
55.to bring over 把某人带到，改变思想 ,使相信, 说服
56.to convict sb. of 宣判某人有....罪
57.be supposed to 认为必须，认为应该 ,被期望
58. feel like(doing) sth. 想要（做）某事物
59.to protect from(against) 保护，保卫
60.to risk(doing)sth. 冒着.....的危险
61.to deal with （1）与...做生意，与...商业交往（2）对待，对付，处理，解决 cope with
63.to agree to(do)sth. 同意，愿意，答应
64.threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事，扬言要做某事
65.according to (1)根据，据某人所说(2按照，依照)(3)依....而定
in accord with 与…一致
66. to distinguish from (1)区别,识别
67.to watch over （1）看护，照料（2）看守，看管，守卫
68.in unison (1)齐唱，齐奏（2）一致地，协调地
69.up to (1)作为最大数量，多达（2）等于,直到；不多于(3)能胜任的，有某种能力
70.call up 打电话，使想起，使忆起
71.pay back 偿还，回报，惩罚，报复
72.a good/great deal of 很多，大量
73.to clean up (1)洗干净，打扫干净，清理（2）清除坏的影响
74.to react to sb. (sth) 对....作出反应，回应
75.to make one’s way to 走，行走，前进，去
76.to take over 接管，接任，雇用
77.to take on 披上，戴上，呈现，具有
78.to take place 发生，举行
79.in other words 换句话说
80.in a sense 从某种意义说
81.to serve as 起....的作用,被用作,充当
82.to belong in 在....中有适当的地位，处于正确的地位,应归入
83.in advance 事先，预先，提前 ahead of schedule
84.it goes without saying that... 不言而喻
....无庸置疑....不用说.....
85.for the sake of (1)为了....起见，看在....的份上 (2)为了....的好处，为了....目的
86.to expose sth.暴露，使面临，遭受.
87.plenty of 大量的，丰富的
88.in that 在于，因为,既然
89.in between 在中间，每间隔,在...期间
90.in question 正被谈论的，正被考虑的,可怀疑
91.to work on 从事....致力于.....
92.to set up 设立，建立，提出
93.to be on the alert against/for sth. 警惕,提防,注意
94.to be concerned with (1)关于，涉及 (2)忙于（3）关心，关切 ,参与,干预
95.to attach importance to sth.认为..重要 ,重视
96. take to sth/doing sth (1)开始从事(2)养成....习惯(3）培养对.....的爱好
97.to put sth. to use 使用，利用
98.to be relevant to sth 与....有关的
99.on the part of sb 就....而言,在....方面
100to set.....as objective 把....作为目标
101to look ahead to 向前看，展望未来
102to allocate...for....to 分配....给配合....
103to hang up 把....挂起来；延迟，拖延
104to throw off 扔掉，摆脱
105to work out 作出，制定出
106 up to date最新的，新式的
107to kid...into doing 欺骗....去做
108to stick with坚持做(某事)，继续
109effect on 对.....的作用
110to blame sth. 把......归咎于
111now(that) 既然，由于 in that
112to leave/let...alone/be (1)不管，不理，不打扰（2）顺其自然，听任......
113 out of step 步伐不一致，不协调
114in time (1)及时，不迟（2）终于，迟早
116to attend to sth. (1）专心，注意（2）照顾，关照
117to fall apart 破裂，崩溃
118to be true of符合于.....，对....适用
119 to approximate to 与.....接近
120 resistance to sth (1）对...的抵抗，对抗（2）照顾，关照
121 to cope with 对付，处理
122 no other...than (1）除...外没有，只有（2）正是，就是
123 to take advantage of (1）利用（2）占...的便宜
124 to stand no/little chance of doing 没有可能，没有希望
125 to identify....as.... 把....看成；证明/确认...为.....
126 impact on .... 对......的影响
127 to break up 打碎；（被）分解；散开，驱散；结束；期终放假，崩溃
128 in the running参赛，参加竞选,有赢的希望
129 in power掌权的，执政的
130 out of power丧失权力的，在野的
131 in favor of (1）赞成，支持（2）支付给（3）为了；对....有利
132 to come into power上台，开始掌权 ,执政
133 to carry on (1）经营，进行（2）继续
134 to sacrifice to 向....献祭；为...而牺牲；为.....而失去
135 be central to 对....极为重要的
136 be irrelevant to 与....不相干，不切题
137 be aim for 瞄准，以....为目标
138 bring out (1）使显现，显示（2）生产，使产生 ,出版
139 to attach to 使....与....相关，把....附加到
140 take for granted 认为真实，视为当然
141 at ease 自在的，舒适的
142 plea for恳求，请求
143 not that.....并不是，不是因为
144 not(never)for a moment /second决不，从来没有
145 to break in on(upon) 打扰，打断，闯进
146 to seize/catch hold of 抓住，占有
147 to excess 过分，过度，过量
148 to substitute A for B 用.A代替 B
149 be contrary to 与.....相反
150 in reality 实际上，事实上 in fact/as a matter of fact
151 to put off 延期，消除
152 be confronted with 面临，面对,对照
153 to draw on (1)用.....做来源，依靠（2临近
154 to gaze at 凝视，注视 ,盯住
155 be unaware of 不知道.....没觉察到....
156 to dream of 梦见，梦想
157 in one’s mind’s eye 在脑海里
158 to go over (1)越过，渡过（2）仔细检查
159 to impress on 使......铭记，牢记
160 be free from 没有......的，不受.....的,免于….
163 to put aside (1)放在一边，撇开（2）储存
164 be beneficial to 对......有利
165 to add up to (1)总计是（2）总起来意味着
166 influence on 对......的影响
167 to break into 分成（部分）
168 so far as sb. knows 就某人所知
169 of....value 有......价值
170 of....importance 重要，有意义
171 of....interest 有趣，有意思
172to coincide with 相符，一致
173 go in for (1)参加，从事（2）以.....为兴趣，爱好
174 year in and year out 一年一年地，年复一年
175 take it easy轻松一点；勿太紧张
176to put an end to结束或废除某事务,终止
177to do one’s best尽全力；尽量
178to do with sth. 处理；忍受
179 in return 作为回报
180 to do without 没有....也行；将就，设法应付过去,免除,不用
08自考“英语（二）”常考词汇（1）
2008年08月25日 17:18 阅读次数：1100
第一单元
1.常考单词：
goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity实体
2. 常考词组：
in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down
3. 常考句子：
1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.
2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.
3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made.
4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents引用单元 and the like.
5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.
6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.
7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.
8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department.
第二单元
1.常考单词：
escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing令人信服的，companion，speculation思索,做投机买卖，swallow，operate，to make use of=take advantage of，a great many，above all
2. 常考句子：
1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.
2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.
3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.超新星
4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.
5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.
第三单元
1.常考单词：
Weaken, deteriorate恶化, debate争论 legal ,request, criterion标准 ensure ,oppose, tradition, consideration, disabled, burden, vulnerable 易受攻击的prohibition, sensitive
2. 常考词组：
to debate on to make request for be opposed to take into account考虑
3. 常考句子：
1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.
2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal致命的(=deadly,fatal) injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands荷兰.
3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide全国性的 debate on the subject.
4）What those people who oppose euthanasia安乐死 are telling me is that dying people haven't the right.
第四单元
1.常考单词：
domestic statistics统计学 diplomat外教官 exploit campaign execute convict证明…有罪 despite deserving shelf minimum status身份,地位,情形 deport举止,驱逐
2. 常考句子：
1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain.
2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused虐待 by their employers.
3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.
4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests from various quarters岗位that her guilt had not been adequately established.
5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka斯里兰卡.
6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.
7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported.
第五单元
1.常考单词：
Musician，rhythmic，distinct清楚的,明显的，consciousness，originate，readily乐意地，instrument，electronic，thereby，passive，participant
2. 常考词组：
take place take over take on in a sense在某种意义上 at a stretch一口气地 to serve as in advance for the sake of为了…
3. 常考句子：
1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence.
2）Folk music，old and modern，was popular among college students.
3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music.
4）With records at home，listeners imitated模仿 these lighting effects as best they could.
08自考“英语（二）”常考词汇（2）
2008年08月25日 17:16 阅读次数：1084
第六单元
1.常考单词：
efficiency increasingly日益 install personnel=employee,clerk expose reduction completion specific明确的 switch critical, intensity强烈,强度,亮度, scale, defective有缺陷的
2. 常考词组：
in that=now that in question正被讨论,可怀疑 plenty of
3. 常考句子：
1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray喷射 painting automobile and truck bodies.
2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although to a lesser较小的 degree，in other industries as well.
3）The robots used in nuclear power plants核电站 handle the radioactive放射性的 materials，preventing human personnel from being exposed to使易受,使受 radiation.
4）Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task，they can be reprogrammed改编 by a computer to do another one.
5）Engineers skilled in对..熟练 microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots.
6）With the ability to “see”，robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack堆 of different kinds of materials.
7）Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.
第七单元
1.常考单词：
research attach underlie位于…之下 relevant positive possession desirable值得要的,合意的 relaxation occupation urban城市的 acquire participation
2. 常考词组：
be concerned with 参与,干预 be relevant to set as objective
3. 常考句子：
1）People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.
2）The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.
3）The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.
4）Since leisure is basically self-determined依据自觉的，one is able to take to one's interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.
5）Basically，such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that Leisure can and should be put to good use.
6）For example，the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games，sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.
7）Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person.
8）The more seriously this is sought，the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.
第八单元
1.常考单词：
flight negotiation transport overcome internal external rhythm feasible可行的 assumption假定,设想 promote
2. 常考词组：
effect on to blame… on to advantage now that out of step to leave … alone
3. 常考句子：
1）The problem of Jet Lag时差感 is one every international traveler comes across at some time. （para.1）
2）The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. （para.2）
3）He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag. （para.3）
4）Now that we understand what Jet lag is，we can go some way to overcoming it.（para.4）
5）The other belongs in our internal clocks which，left alone，would tie the body to a 25 hour - yes，25 - rhythm.（para.5）
6）In time the physiological system will reset重新安排 itself，but it does take time. （para7）
7）One reason for this discrepancy差异,矛盾 is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. （para.8）
8）It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. （para.9）
第九单元
1.常考单词：
classify approximate proportion比例 appreciation acknowledge 答谢,承认,报偿 alter lengthen wealthy neglect expectation
2. 常考词组：
to approximate to resistance to 抵抗 to cope with attribute to归因于
3. 常考句子：
1）Nation classified as “aged” when they have 7percent of more of their people aged 65 or above. （para.1）
2）The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth，the older its population is likely to be - at least，for any future that concerns us now.
3）The older you are now，of course，the greater this proportion will be，and greater still if you are a woman.
4）If you are now in your thirties，you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60.
08自考“英语（二）”常考词汇（3）
2008年08月25日 17:14 阅读次数：1090
第十单元
1.常考单词：
election vote certainty loyalty忠心 decline democrat 民主党人 strategy pursue impact headquarters economy stir激起 congress国会 representative代表
2. 常考词组：
identify as impact on
3. 常考句子：
1）Candidates try to project a strong leadership image. （para.4）
2）Whether voters accept this image，however，depends more on external factors than on a candidate's personal characteristics. （para. 4）
此句注意主语从句作主语。
3）A year later，with the nation's economy in trouble，Bush's approval rating dropped below 40 percent.
4）Candidates are particularly concerned with winning the states which have the largest population.
5）Clinton received only 43 percent of the popular vote in 1992，compared with Bush's 38 percent and Perot's 19 percent.
1.常考单词：
disorder irrelevant misleading令人误解的=misunderstanding irresponsible eventual replace partly undergo suitable to do research into be central to be irrelevant to to aim for
2. 常考句子：
1）The use of animals has been central to the development of anaesthetics麻醉学.
2）Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results.
3）People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs and in the way their bodies work.
4）It would be completely irresponsible and unethical不道德的 to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals.
5）The eventual aim of computer modeling is to reduce the number of animals used in experiments.
6）Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done in the test tube to see if chemicals produce harmful biological effects.
7）The number of animals used in laboratory tests has declined over the last 20 years.
8）This is partly due to由于 alternatives and partly to the fact that experiments are better designed so fewer need to be used.
9）Professor David Morton of the department is involved in animal research and is concerned with reducing animal suffering as much as possible.
10）This includes keeping them in more suitable cages.
include 后面接动名词作宾语。
11）In the US，one experiment in nerve regeneration神经再生 involves cutting a big nerve in a rat's leg.
involve 后面接动名词作宾语。
12）When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body，or diseases of the brain for example，we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.
When it comes to 当提到 … 的时候
第十二单元
1.常考单词：
symptom intellectual智利的,知识分子 detail initial inventor confront面临 sensitivity敏感,灵敏 reflection creativity character , trace modest investment to substitute … for be contrary to to put off be confronted with 面临,对照 gaze at盯住 be unaware of to impress…on be free from be beneficial to
2. 常考句子：
1）At its best，daydreaming was considered a compensatory 补偿性的substitute for the real things in life.
2）There are always those who would substitute fantasy幻想,白日梦 lives for the rewards of real activity.（para.2）
3）Most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. （para.2）
4）Not only are they less able to deal with the pressure of day-to-day existence，but also their self -control and self-direction become endangered. （para.2）
5）But its beneficial effects go beyond 超出this. （para. 3）
Go beyond 表示“超越 …，不仅仅是 … ”
6）Historically，scientists and inventors are one group that seems to take full advantage of relaxed moments.
Take advantage of 利用
7）Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with，he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind. （para.7）
8） Picture yourself as winning and that will contribute remarkably 引人注目地to success.
The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if 好像you had already attained them.
第十三单元
1.常考单词：
compel voluntary adj. undertake承担 coincide manual efficiency compulsion强制,强迫 division eliminate boring amusement=entertainment so far as …knows to coincide with attitude toward to go in for
2. 常考句子：
1）He cannot be really happy if h is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing.
2）Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends，not on the job itself，but on the tastes of the individual who undertake it.
3）The difference does not，for example，coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental精神 job.
4）So that所以 it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring，and the more hours he is free to play，the better.
08自考“英语（二）”常考词汇（4）
2008年08月25日 17:13 阅读次数：1086
第十四单元
1.常考单词：
device compassion 同情 grab夺取 belonging threatening convince foster 养育 persuasion说服力 avail 有益于,有用 suspect可疑的 profound 深刻的 to convince sb. to do sth. to comment on
2. 常考句子：
1）It was a microcassette found in Kathleen Weinstein's shirt pocket that not only led police to her alleged声称的,所谓的 killer but also revealed the New Jersey新泽西州 teacher to be a woman of extraordinary courage and compassion.
本句是个强调句，另外注意 found 的用法
2）It was there，police believe，that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag. 本句是强调句。
3）Weinstein's body，with hands and feet bound，was discovered by a hiker 徒步旅行者on March17.
4）But before she died she somehow不知何故 slipped the microcassette into her pocket without her killer knowing it.
第十五单元
1.常考单词：
solely content sensible persist vital logic evaluate raw生肉,擦伤 ultimate functional extension undue 不适当的 concrete conquer error prolong 延长,拖延 technician proof possess to pull down to mistake…for to distinguish between come to terms with妥协,达成协议 to end in to reflect on 思考,反省 come about发生,产生 to speculate on
2.常考句子：
1）Electronic brains can reduce the profusion丰富的 of dead ends involved in vital research.
2）Nor do they connect a man to the things he has to be connected to - the reality of pain in others.
注意本句的倒装形式。并且注意“ connect … to ”表示“把 … 与 … 连接起来”。
3）The reason these matters are important in a computerized age is that there may be a tendency to mistake data for wisdom.
本句中注意“ tendency ”后面要接动词不定式作定语。另外“ mistake A… for B ”表示“把 A… 错认为 B… ”
4）For the danger is not so much that man will be controlled by the computer as that he may imitate it.
高等教育自学考试大学英语语法
2008年08月25日 14:26 阅读次数：1096
分词
1、 分词作定语
分词前置
we can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
he is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分词后置 (i分词词组；ii 个别分词如given, left； iii 修饰不定代词 something等)
there was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
this is the question given. 这是所给的问题
there is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
most of the artists invited to the party were from south africa.
典型例题
1) the first textbook ___ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
a. have written b. to be written c. being written d. written
答案d. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written 转自学易网 www.studyez.com
2）what's the language ____ in germany?
a. speaking b. spoken c. be spoken d. to speak
答案b. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：
what's the language (which is) spoken in german?
2、 分词作状语
as i didn't receive any letter from him, i gave him a call.
-> not receiving any letter from him, i gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
if more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
-> given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1）_____ some officials, napoleon inspected his army. 转自学易网 www.studyez.com
a. followed b. followed by c. being followed d. having been followed
答案b. napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为： with some officials following, napoleon inspected his army.
2）there was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
a. followed b. following c. to be followed d. being followed
答案b. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
a. heating b. to be heated c. heated d. heat
答案c. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选c。它相当于一个状语从句 when it is heated，…转自学易网 www.studyez.com
注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
(being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
using the book, i find it useful.
在使用的过程中， 我发现这本书很有用。
3、 连词+分词(短语)
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：
while waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主语相同。
4、 分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：
i found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。
i'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
5、 分词作表语
现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行
过去分词： 表示被动，
she looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
he remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
6、 分词作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
7、分词的时态
1）与主语动词同时，
hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。
arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
the secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
a. to prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. was preparing
答案b. 此处没有连词，不能选d，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在b，c中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。
2）先于主动词
while walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。
having finished his homework, he went out.
=as he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作业后，他出去了。
典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
a. not receiving b. receiving not c. not having received d. having not received 转自学易网 www.studyez.com
答案c. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选c。该句可理解为：because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
8、分词的语态
1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：
he is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。
he is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人
a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
动名词
1、 动名词作主语、宾语和表语
1）作主语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
南方与北方开战了。
2）作宾语
a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit 承认 appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免
complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 prevent阻止
fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌,怨恨 resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险
suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续
(1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
b. 词组后接doing
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to busy look forward to(to为介词）
no good, no use, It's worth…, as well as,
can't help, It's no use /good be tired of
be fond of be capable of be afraid of
be proud of think of / about hold off
put off keep on insist on count on / upon 依靠,指望
set about be successful in good at take up
give up burst out突发,大声喊 prevent … from…
3）作表语转自学易网 www.studyez.com
Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.
2、 worth 的用法
worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj. 意为"值得"。
1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示"…… 值得……"
be worth doing sth. "……某事值得被做"
The question is not worth discussing again and again.
2. worthy：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"
The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.
3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth "值得做某事"
worth while： It is worth while doing sth
It is worth while sb to do sth.
典型例题
It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.转自学易网 www.studyez.com
A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while
答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C
============================================
1 不定式作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
举例：
the driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
i happen to know the answer to your question.转自学易网 www.studyez.com
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
i like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
i like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
i want to speak to tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
i want you to speak to tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
there are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that i can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。转自学易网 www.studyez.com
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
the question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
2 不定式作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel激励,逼迫 induce劝诱,引起 inform instruct命令,指导 invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge催促,迫切要求 warn
例句：
a. father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. we believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。
find 的特殊用法：
find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
i found him lying on the ground.
i found it important to learn.
i found that to learn english is important.
典型例题:
the next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
a. lying b. lie c. lay d. laying
答案：a.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
we consider tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题
charles babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
a. to invent b. inventing c. to have invented d. having invented
答案：a. 由consider to do sth. 排除b、d。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而c为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选c。
3) to be +形容词
seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
the book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
we didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
we regard tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
=========================================
3 不定式主语
1） it's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough转自学易网 www.studyez.com
it's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
it's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) it's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
it was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
it seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用it is… to…的句型
(对)to see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。转自学易网 www.studyez.com
(错)it is to believe to see.
4 it's for sb.和 it's of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
it's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
it's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
you are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。
he is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)
5 不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：转自学易网 www.studyez.com
my work is to clean the room every day.
his dream is to be a doctor.
6 不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
i have a lot of work to do.
so he made some candles to give light.
7 不定式作状语
1）目的状语
to… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
he ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
i come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
what have i said to make you angry.
he searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
i'm glad to see you.转自学易网 www.studyez.com
典型例题
the chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
a. sit b. sit on c. be seat d. be sat on
答案：b. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。
=======================================
『 动词不定式』－－C
8 用作介词的to
to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：
admit to承认， confess to承认，
be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意
9 省to 的动词不定式
1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役动词 let, have, make：转自学易网 www.studyez.com
3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
i saw him dance.
=he was seen to dance.
the boss made them work the whole night.
=they were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） why… / why not…：
6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：
he is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
举例：
he wants to move to france and marry the girl.转自学易网 www.studyez.com
he wants to do nothing but go out.
比较： he wants to do nothing but go out.
he wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
典型例题
1) ---- i usually go there by train.
---- why not ___ by boat for a change?
a. to try going b. trying to go c. to try and go d. try going
答案：d. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选d。
2） paul doesn't have to be made ___. he always works hard.
a. learn b. to learn c. learned d. learning
答案：b. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。
10 动词不定式的否定式
tell him not to shut the window… 转自学易网 www.studyez.com
she pretended not to see me when i passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
典型例题
1）tell him ___ the window.
a. to shut not b. not to shut c. to not shut
d. not shut
答案：b。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.
2) she pretended ___ me when i passed by.
a. not to see b. not seeing c. to not see
d. having not seen
答案：a。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。
3）mrs. smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
a. never to drive b. to never driver
c. never driving d. never drive
答案：a。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.转自学易网 www.studyez.com
4) the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
a. not to b. not to do c. not do it
d. do not to
答案：a。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此b，d不对。
5) the patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
a. to eat no b. eating not c. not to eat
d. not eating
答案：c。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。
====================================================
『 动词不定式』－－D
11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…
1）too…to 太…以至于…
he is too excited to speak.
他太激动了，说不出话来。
---- can i help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
---- well, i'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。
it's never too late to mend. (谚语)
改过不嫌晚。
3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
i'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。
he was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
12 不定式的特殊句型so as to
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。
2) so kind as to ---劳驾
would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
劳驾，现在几点了。
13 不定式的特殊句型why not
"why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"
例如：
why not take a holiday?
干吗不去度假?
14 不定式的时态和语态
时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
he seems to know this.
i hope to see you again. = i hope that i'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
i'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
he seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
he seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时：
she is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years
15 动名词与不定式
1） 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to do mean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
自考英语（二）不规则动词表
2008年09月13日 16:21 阅读次数：1082
中文 原形动词 过去式 过去分词
1 出现，升起 arise arose arisen
2 开始 begin began begun
3 吹 blow blew blown
4 打断 break broke broken
5 选择 choose chose chosen
6 做 do did done
7 画 draw drew drawn
8 喝 drink drank drunk
9 开车,驾驶 drive drove driven
10 吃 eat ate eaten
11 落下 fall fell fallen
12 飞 fly flew flown
13 冻结 freeze froze frozen
14 给 give gave given
15 去 go went gone
16 长大 grow grew grown
17 知道 know knew known
18 误解, 弄错 mistake mistook mistaken
19 成长速度超 outgrow outgrew outgrown
20 骑 ride rode ridden
21 响铃 ring rang rung
22 上升 rise rose risen
23 看 see saw seen
24 摇 shake shook shaken
25 唱 sing sang sung
26 下沉，沉没 sink sank sunk
27 说 speak spoke spoken
28 偷 steal stole stolen
29 发誓 swear swore sworn
30 游泳 swim swam swum
31 拿 take took taken
32 撕，扯破 tear tore torn
33 扔 throw threw thrown
34 穿 wear wore worn
35 写 write wrote written
现在分词为：writing
以下各词过去式与过去分词相同
36 弯曲 bend bent bent
37 捆 bind bound bound
38 带来 bring brought brought
39 建造 build built built
40 买 buy bought bought
41 抓住 catch caught caught
42 挖 dig dug dug
43 喂 feed fed fed
44 觉得 feel felt felt
45 找到 find found found
46 打仗 fight fought fought
47 有 have had had
48 听 hear heard heard
49 抓 拿 hold held held
50 保持 keep kept kept
51 放 lay laid laid
52 领导 lead led led
53 离开 leave left left
54 借出 lend lent lent
55 丢失 lose lost lost
56 制做 make made made
57 意思是 mean meant meant
58 遇见 meet met met
59 误解，误会 misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
60 恐慌 panic panicked panicked
61 付钱 pay paid paid
62 说 say said said
63 寻求 seek sought sought
64 卖 sell sold sold
65 送 send sent sent
66 射击 shoot shot shot
67 坐 sit sat sat
68 睡 sleep slept slept
69 花费 spend spent spent
70 站 stand stood stood
71 扫 sweep swept swept
72 教 teach taught taught
73 告诉 tell told told
74 想 think thought thought
75 知道 understand understood understood
76 哭泣 weep wept wept
77 赢 win won won
78 吹风，绕 wind wound wound
下列各词的原形、过去式、过去分词都一样
79 爆炸 burst burst burst
80 投 扔 cast cast cast
81 价值 花费 cost cost cost
82 切 cut cut cut
83 打击 hit hit hit
84 伤害 hurt hurt hurt
85 让 let let let
86 放 put put put
87 读 read read read
88 流出 shed shed shed
89 关闭 shut shut shut
90 分离 split split split
91 伸开 spread spread spread
92 插 刺 thrust thrust thrust
93 弄翻 心烦 upset upset upset
下列各词的原形和过去分词相同
94 变得 成为 become became become
95 来 come came come
96 跑 run ran run
97、98是特殊变化
97 击打 beat beat beaten
98 忍受 出生 bear bore born / borne
98以后各词的过去式或过去分词为两可型
99 咬 bite bit bit / bitten
100 忘记 forget forgot forgot/ forgotten
101 得到 get got got / gotten
102 躲藏 hide hid hid / hidden
103 证实 prove proved proved / proven
104 缝 sew sewed sewed / sewn
105 出示 展示 show showed showed / shown
106 打击 strike struck struck / stricken
107 唤醒 awake awoke / awaked awoke / awaked
108 打赌 bet bet / betted bet / betted
109 广播 broadcast broadcast/broadcasted broadcast/broadcasted
110 燃烧 burn burnt / burned burnt / burned
111 做梦 dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt / dreamed
112 适合 fit fit /fitted fit / fitted
113 * 处死 hang hanged hanged
113 悬挂 hang hung hung
114 倾斜 lean leant / leaned leant / leaned
115 学习 learn learnt / learned learnt / learned
116 * 撒谎 lie lied lied
116 躺 lie lay lain
117 摆脱 rid rid / ridded rid / ridded
118 发光 shine shined / shone shined / shone
119 嗅 , 闻 smell smelled / smelt smelled / smelt
120 加速 speed sped /speeded sped / speeded
121 拼写 spell spelt / spelled spelt / spelled
122 溢出 spill spilt / spilled spilt / spilled
123 醒 wake woke / waked woke /waked / woken
124 弄湿 wet wet / wetted wet / wetted |
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