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[历年真题] 全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题

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发表于 2011-7-14 12:47:37 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
                        全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试
英语阅读(一)试题
课程代码:00595
全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外),请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上
I. Careful Reading. (40 points,2 points for each)
Directions: Read the followingpassages carefully. Decide on the best answers antl then write thecorresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based onthe following passage.
The old fashioned general storeis fast disappearing. This is, perhaps, a pity, because shoppingtoday seems to lack that personal element which existed when theshopkeeper knew all his regular customers personally. He could, forinstance, remember which brand of tea Mrs. Smith usually bought orwhat sort of washing powder Mrs. Jones preferred. Not only was theshop a center of buying and selling, but a social meetingplace.
A prosperous general storemight have employed four or five assistants, and so there were veryfew problems in management as far as the staff was concerned. Butnow that the supermarket has replaced the general store, the job ofthe manager has changed completely. The moderm supermarket managerhas to cope with a staff of as many as a hundred, apart from allthe other everyday problems of running a large business.
Every morning the manager must,like the commander of an army division, carry out an inspection ofhis store to make sure that everything is ready for the business ofthe day He must see that everything is running smoothly. He willhave to give advice and make decisions as problems arise; and hemust know how to get his huge staff to work efficiently with theirrespective responsibilities. No matter what he has to do throughoutthe day, however, the supermarket manager must be ready for anyemergency that may arise. They say in the trade that you are notreally an experienced supermarket manager until you have dealt witha flood, a fire, a birth and a death in your store.
1. The main purpose of thepassage is to show ______.
A. how the supermarket replacesthe old general store
B. how the old fashionedgeneral store is fast disappearing
C. how supermarket managersdeal with problems every morning
D. how the role of the shopmanager undergoes an overall change
2. It is a pity that there arefewer old general stores now because _______.
A. there is less tradingbusiness
B. there used to be more socialactivities in the old days
C. supermarket managers havemore problems
D. there is less personalcontact between manager and customer
3. Who are Mrs. Smith and Mrs.Jones mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. People representing any ofthe regular customers of the old general store.
B. Shop assistants.
C. Friends of the shopmanager’s.
D. Two regular customers of thestore.
4. How has the job of the storemanager changed?
A. He doesn’t sell tea orwashing powder any more.
B. He has a much larger staffto take care of, to say nothing of all the other daily problems ofrunning the store.
C. He must try hard to rememberthe names of the regular customers.
D. He has to give advice andmake decisions every day.
5. The author compared thesupermarket manager to ______.
A. a military leader B. aschool inspector
C. a traffic supervisor D. anorchestra conductor
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based onthe following passage.
By the Treaty of Paris of 1763,which ended the war with the French and the Indians, England gainedpossession of Canada and all the territory east of the MississippiRiver. French influence on this continent thus came to an end;England now controlled most of North America. But the war had beenlong and expensive. England had many debts. George III, king ofEngland, after consulting with his advisers, decided that theAmerican colonists should help pay some of the expenses of thiswar. A standing English army of 10,000 men had been left in thecolonies for protection against the Indians. The English governmentalso felt that the colonists should share in the expenses ofmaintaining this army. The result was a Series of measures, theGrenville Program, passed by Parliament and designed to raise moneyin the colonies. Some of these measures were accepted by thecolonists, but one in particular, the Stamp Act, was met with greatprotest. The Stamp Act required that stamps, ranging in price froma few cents to almost a dollar, be placed on all newspapers,advertisements, bills of sale, wills, legal papers, etc. The StampAct was one of the causes of the American Revolution. It affectedeveryone, rich and poor alike. Some businessmen felt that the actwould surely ruin their businesses.
Of all the voices raised inprotest to the Stamp Act, none had greater effect than that of ayoung lawyer from Virginia-Patrick Henry. Henry had only recentlybeen elected to the Virginia Assembly. Yet when the Stamp Act cameup for discussion, he opposed it almost single-handedly. He alsoexpressed, for the first time, certain ideas that were held by manyAmericans of the time but that never before had been stated soopenly. “Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be bought at theprice of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know notwhat course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, orgive me death!”
6. From the passage we learnthat ______.
A. Britain took over Canadafrom the Indians in 1 763
B. there had been a war betweenthe French and the Indians which ended in 1763
C. France used to have controlof Canada and some areas east of the Mississippi River
D. the French still kept someinfluence in North America through the Treaty of Paris
7. The Grenville Program refersto ______.
A. King George III’s plan togather money in North America
B. the British government’sdesire to raise money in North America
C. a plan to share the expensesof maintaining an army in the American colonies
D. a decision of the BritishParliament to collect money in the American colonies
8. The Stamp Act______.
A. was an act about sellingstamps at prices from a few cents to almost a dollar
B. was one of the causes of theAmerican Revolution
C. required that all commercialand legal documents in America have stamps on them
D. chiefly affected businesspeople who felt it would ruin their businesses
9. From the passage we learnthat Patrick Henry ______.
A. had been a member of theVirginia Assembly for a long time
B. didn’t know what courses totake to complete his studies as a lawyer
C. was almost the only one whoopenly protested against the Stamp Act
D. didn’t value life or peaceas much as other people did
10. This passage is mainlyabout ______.
A. one of the events leading tothe American Revolution
B. the Treaty of Paris betweenBritain and France
C. the Grenville Program toraise money in the American colonies
D. Patrick Henry, a hero whoopposed the Stamp Act
Passage Three
Questions 11 to 15 are based onthe following passage.
In the past, American familiestended to be quite large. Parents raising five or more childrenwere common. Over the years, the size of the family has decreased.One reason for this is an increase in the cost of living. On theaverage, children attend schools for more years than they used to,making them financially dependent on their families. Moreover,children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spendon entertainment. The parents usually take the responsibility forall the expenses. Meanwhile, families are less close than they usedto be. More and more American mothers work away fromhome.
The breakup of the familyoccurs when the parents divorce. A lot of children in the U.S. livepart of their young lives with only one parent. Broken familiesusually result in problems for children and parents alike. Childrenblame themselves when their parents separate. They grow up feelingunsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents. Usuallyone parent is responsible for raising the children. These singleparents must care for the children’s emotional and psychologicalneeds while also supporting them financially. This is verydemanding and leaves very little time for the parent’s own personalinterests. Single parents often marry other single parents. In thistype of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother orsister relationship.
The situations of many Americanfamilies today are not good. However, recent signs indicate thatthings are getting better. The divorce rate is declining. The rateof childbirth is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned howimportant families are.
11. In the past, Americanfamilies tended to be ______.
A. quite small B.medium-sized
C. quite large D.small
12. To parents who take theresponsibility for children’s expenses, the cost of livingincreases because ______.
A. children attend school forless years
B. children are worsedressed
C. children have more interestsnowadays
D. children spend more money onentertainment
13. What problems would brokenfamilies bring to children and parents respectively?
A. Children grow up feelingunsettled and parents didn’t pay much attention tochildren.
B. Children grow up feelingfree and one parent is responsible for raising thechildren.
C. Children are moved back andforth between parents and the single parent is busy working to makemoney to support himself or herself.
D. Children grow up feelingunsettled, and the parents have little time for his or her owninterests because one parent is too busy taking care ofchildren.
14. According to the author,the situations of American families in the future may______.
A. become worse B. remain thesame
C. get better D. keepunchanged
15. The title of the articlemight be ______.
A. American Children B.American Families
C. American Mother D. AmericanParents
Passage Four
Questions 16 to 20 are based onthe following passage.
In a family where the roles ofmen and women are not sharply separated and where many householdtasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of malesuperiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasksand in decisions makes for equality and this in turn leads tofurther sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn toaccept equality more easily than did their parents and to preparemore fully for participation in a world characterized bycooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”.
If the process goes too far andman’s role is regarded as less important—and that has happened insome cases—we are as badly off as before, only inreverse.
It is time to reassess the roleof the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of“Momism” — but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism”.What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up childreninvolves a partnership of equals. There are signs thatpsychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists onthe family are becoming more aware of the part men play and thatthey have decided that women should not receive all thecredit
nor the blame. We have almostgiven up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We arebeginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and toinsist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that placeirrelevant to the healthy development of the child.
The family is a co-operativeenterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, becauseeach family needs to work out its own ways for solving its ownproblems.
Excessiveauthoritarianism(命令主义) has unhappy consequences, whether it wearsskirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equalresponsibilities is pertinent (相关的,中肯的) not only to healthydemocracy, but also to a healthy family.
16. The danger in the sharingof household tasks between the mother and the father is that______.
A. the role of the father maybecome an inferior one
B. the role of the mother maybecome an inferior one
C. the children believe thatlife is a battle of sexes
D. sharing leads to constantarguing
17. The author states thatbringing up children ______.
A. is mainly the mother’s jobB. belongs to the duties of the father
C. is the job of schools andchurches D. involves a partnership of equals
18. The ideal of equal rightsand equal responsibilities is ______.
A. fundamental to a sounddemocracy B. not pertinent to a healthy family
C. responsible for Momism D.what we have almost given up
19. According to the author,the father’s role in the home is ______.
A. minor because he is anineffectual parent
B. irrelevant to the healthydevelopment of the child
C. pertinent to the healthydevelopment of the child
D. identical to the role of thechild’s mother
20. Which of the followingstatements would the author be most likely to agreewith?
A. A healthy, co-operativefamily is a basic ingredient of a healthy society.
B. Men are basically opposed tosharing household chores.
C. Division of householdresponsibilities is workable only in theory.
D. A woman’s place in the homenow is the same as that in the past.
II. Speed Reading. (10 points,1 point for each)
Directions: Skim or scan thefollowing passages. Decide on the best answers and thenwrite
the corresponding letters onyour Answer Sheet.
Passage Five
Questions 21-25 are based onthe following passage.
You’re busy filling out theapplication form for a position you really need. Let’s assume youonce actually completed a couple of years of college work or eventhat you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just alittle, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvarddegree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at StateUniversity? More and more people are turning to utter deceptionlike this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, forpersonnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famousschools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but heor she assumes that chances of being hired are better with adiploma from a well-known university.
Registrars at most well-knowncolleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rateof about one per week. Personnel officers do check upon degreeslisted on application forms, then. If it turns out that anapplicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse theapplicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostors(骗子)”; another refers to them as “special cases”. One well-knownWest Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, saysthat these claims are made by “no such people”. To avoid outrightlies, some job-seekers claim that they “attended” or “wereassociated with” a college or university, After carefully checking,a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means beingdismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associatedwith” a college means that the job-seeker visited his youngerbrother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records offalse claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turnof the century——that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow. Ifyou don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there arecompanies that will sell you a phony diploma.
One company, with offices inNew York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diplomafrom any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at aroundtwenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University”. Theprices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University ofPurdue”. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indianais properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather highfor one sheet of paper.
21. The main idea of thispassage is that ______.
A. employers are checking moreclosely on applicants now
B. lying about college degreeshas become a widespread problem
C. college degrees can now bepurchased easily
D. employers are no longerinterested in college degrees
22. According to the passage,“special cases” refer to cases that ______.
A. students attended a schoolonly part-time
B. students never attended aschool they listed on their application forms
C. students purchased falsedegrees from commercial firms
D. students attended a famousschool
23. From the sentence“job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend”(Para.2), we can infer that _____.
A. the job-seeker is a studentin that college
B. the job-seeker’s brother isa student in that college
C. neither the two are studentsin that college
D. the job-seeker lives in thatcollege
24. We can infer from thepassage that ______.
A. performance is a betterjudge of ability than a college degree
B. experience is the bestteacher
C. past work historiesinfluence personnel officers more than degrees do
D. a degree from a famousschool enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in jobcompetition
25. The underlined word “phony”(Para.2) means ______.
A. thorough B. false
C. ultimate D.decisive
Passage Six
Questions 26-30 are based onthe following passage
Are you happy? Do you remembera time when you were happy? Are you seeking happinesstoday?
Many have sought a variety ofsources for their feelings of happiness. Some put their hearts andefforts into their work. Too many turn to drugs and alcohol.Meanwhile, untold numbers look for it in the possession ofexpensive cars, exotic vacation homes and other popular “toys”.Most of their efforts have a root in common: people are looking fora lasting source of happiness.
Unfortunately, I believe thathappiness escapes from many people because they misunderstand thejourney of finding it. I have learned many people say that, “I’llbe happy when I get my new promotion,” or “I’ll be happy when I getthat extra 20 pounds.” It is dangerous because it accepts thathappiness is a “response” to having, being or doingsomething.
In life, we all experiencestimulus and response. Today, some people think that an expensivecar is a stimulus. Happiness is a response. A great paying job is astimulus. Happiness is a response. This belief leaves us thinkingand feeling: “I’ll be happy when ...”
It has been my finding thatactually the opposite is true. I believe that happiness is astimulus and response is what life brings to those who are trulyhappy. When we are happy, we tend to have more success in our work.When we are happy, we more naturally take better care of our bodiesand enjoy good health. Happiness is not a response but astimulus.
Happiness is a conscious choicewe make in daily life. For unknown reasons to me, many choose to beupset and angry most of the time. Happiness is not something thathappens to us after we get something we want. On the contrary, weusually get things we want after we choose to be happy.
26. According to the secondparagraph, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Some people are happy whenthey work hard.
B. Some people are happy whenthey drink or take drugs.
C. Some people are happy whenthey get well-paid jobs.
D. Some people are happy whenthey possess their own expensive cars.
27. Generally speaking, mostpeople feel happy because ______.
A. they think happiness isrooted in their deep hearts
B. they get what they want tohave
C. they get a longvacation
D. they get a great payingjob
28. In the author’s opinion,which of the following.is the most important if you want to behappy?
A. Losing weight B. Anexpensive car
C. Success in work D. Feelinghappy
29. Which of the following isright according to the author?
A. Most people today arehappy.
B. Most people choose to beunhappy most of the time.
C. Work is a necessary part inour daily life.
D. We try to get more and thenwe’ll be happy.
30. From the viewpoint of theauthor, happiness is ______.
A. limited B. out ofreach
C. unconditional D. based onour needs
III. Discourse Cloze. (10points, 1 point for each)
Directions: The followingpassage is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill inthe numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers thannecessary). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Miller uses the techniques ofthe modern theatre to the full. He is not satisfied with simplyemploying the devices oflights and sound as an addition to theacting, 31. ______. This is a deliberate attempt to make thetheatre as a whole, not merely the actors, express the messages ofthe play. Mechanical devices assume, then, a symbolicsignificance—they represent an essential meaning or idea in theplay in physical terms. They express a meamng — 32.______.
Miller was writing for amiddle-class audience. His plays were performed on Broadway,33.______. Therefore they reached only a small proportion of thepopulation Miller uses this fact (that the plays reached only arelatively small proportion of the population) to advantage inDeath of a Salesman, where he examines American middle-class ideasand beliefs. He was able to place before his audience Willy Loman,34. ______, ones which have been summed up by the phrase “theAmerican Dream”. The American Dream is a combination of beliefs inthe unity of the family, the healthiness of competition in society,the need for success and money, and the view that 35. ______. Someof these are connected: America seemed at one stage in history tooffer alternatives to the European way of life; she seemed to bethe New World, vast, having plenty of land and riches for all ofits people, all of whom could share in the wealth of the nation.America was a land of opportunity. This belief is still apparent,even in twentieth-century America, with its large urban population,and Miller uses it in his plays, in order to state somethingsignificant about American society. In such a land, where allpeople have a great deal of opportunity, success should come fahlyeasily, 36. ______. To become successful in the American Dreammeans to believe in competition, to reach the top as quickly aspossible by proving oneself better than others. Success is judgedby the amount of wealth which can be acquired by an individual. 37.______. Money and success mean stability; and stability can be seenin the family unit. The family is a guideline to success. 38.______. These ideas should always be kept in mind when Death of aSalesman is considered.
Another point to consider isMiller’s conception of what the theatre should do. He is both apsychological and a social dramatist.39. ______. Often, thesepeople are ordinary, everyday types, but ones whose actions aremade significant by the dramatist. For example, the lives ofordinary citizens going about their daily business in their homesmay not obviously appear interesting, but the dramatist canindicate that their daily lives are important, that they areinteresting or unusual as people and that the audience may seetheir own situations and psychological states reflected in thecharacters the dramatist has created. Death of a Salesman is a goodexample of this. Of course, all dramatists and novelists try tomake the actions of their characters relevant to other people, andmost analyze closely the minds of the characters they have createdin order to establish what makes them function as individuals.Where Miller differs from many of the others is 40. ______. Most ofhis heroes are ordinary people: they do not seem to be differentfrom anyone who can be met in any street; and this, it might beargued, adds force to his plays, since none of the characters areremote—we share their feelings, and understand their difficulties.Also, Miller is able to show that everyday people can rise abovethe ordinary when challenged.
(From Miller’s Theatre andMiller’s Ideas)
A. a man who shared many oftheir ideals
B. America is the great land inwhich free opportunity for all exists
C. hence the term“expressionist” is often used to describe Miller as adramatist
D. but indicates in the stagedirections of his plays precisely when a particular form oflighting or piece of sound is to be used
E. so an unsuccessful man couldfeel bitter about his failure, excluded as he was from the successaround him
F. This means that Miller hasoften been regarded as an ally of the American Left
G the center of New York’stheatrical and cultural life, and in London’s West End
H. As a psychological dramatisthe studies character, the motives and reasons behind the behaviorof individuals, and presents them to his audiences so that hisindividual characters become convincingly alive
I. People were not as stablefinancially because of the depression and then the 1939-45 war, andso their way of life seemed to be challenged
J. It also provides emotionalstability, and a good family shares its hopes andbeliefs
K. Success is extemal andvisible, shown in material wealth and encouraged
L. in the type of person thathe has created
IV. Word Formations. (10points, 1 point for each)
Directions: Complete each ofthe following sentences with the proper form of the word in thebrackets. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
41. (complete) In his life,each stage of his development depends on the satisfactory ______ ofthe one before .
42. (achieve) I felt a greatsense of ______ when I reached the top of the mountain.
43. (shock) He’s ______ at theprevalence of bribery among these officials.
44. (relief) He smokedfrequently to _____his nervous tension.
45.(imply) The new report hasfar-reaching ______ for the future of Chinese education.
46. (doubt) Because of a longdrought, the farmers are ______ about the prospect of a goodyield.
47. (horrify) I was ______ atthe idea of having to give a speech in front of so manypeople.
48. (polite) ______ is theattribute of a gentleman.
49. (deception) You are ______yourself if you still believe that she will help you.
50. (treat) First aid isemergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until moreskillful medical ______ is available.
V. Gap Filling. (10 points, 1point for each)
Directions: The followingpassage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps withthe correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are morewords than necessary). Write your answers on the AnswerSheet.
than wish suspect knowfor
fear headquarters in closeagainst
many foreign even
In big cities, the PoliceCommissioner (Head of the Force) is often appointed by Mayor andtherefore senior police officers tend to be too 51. ______ linkedto politics. Their ambitions sometimes tempt them to turn a blindeye or to accept bribes, which lowers the morale of the ordinarycop. The structure of the many different American police forces issaid to be the most varied in the whole world.
The city police often come intoconflict with the FBI —the Federal Bureau of Investigation. FBImen, do not wear uniforms, have the right to cross State borders ifthey are pursuing a 52. ______. They are responsible to the USDepartment of Justice, and have their 53. ______ in Washington, D.C. The head of the FBI is chief domestic intelligence adviser tothe President. The FBI men are more concerned with spies and agentshostile to the USA, radicals and Mafia(黑手党) bosses 54. ______ theyare with ordinary criminals, but they do keep a record of allcrimes, which city and State police can consult if they 55. ______.The FBI laboratory services, among the best in the world, are alsoavailable to local law enforcement agencies.
The activities of the CIA—theCentral Intelligence Agency— are now well 56. ______ in everycountry in the world. The job of the CIA is to keep the Governmentinformed of the activities of 57. ______ agents and the secretpreparations of hostile powers. CIA agents also work in countrieswhere it is felt that aid, or the promise of aid, will maintainsympathy 58. ______ the USA. Sometimes the CIA’s actions do justthe reverse, and in many parts of the world
including countries friendly tothe USA, they are disliked and even 59. ______.However, the CIA isjust one of the many secret services all countries use to protectthemselves 60. ______ possible enemies.
(From The Police and theIntelligence Agents)
VI. Short Answer Questions. (10points, 5 points for each)
Directions: The following 2questions are based on Passage Four in this test paper. Read thepassage carefully again and answer the questions briefly byreferring back to Passage Four. Write your answers on the AnswerSheet.
61. What are psychiatrists,psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family awareof in Passage Four?
62. Why does the author statethat the family is a co-operative enterprise according to thepassage?
VII. Translation. (10 points, 2points for each)
Directions: The followingexcerpt is taken from the textbook. Read the paragraphs carefullyand translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlinedparts.
Most of us, however, take lifefor granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually wepicture that day as far in the future. When we are in buoyanthealth, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. 63.The days stretch out in an endless vista. So we go about our pettytask, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life. The samelethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our facultiesand senses. 64. Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blindrealize the manifold blessings that lie in sight. Particularly doesthis observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing inadult life. 65. But those who have never suffered impairment ofsight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessedfaculties. 66. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and soundshazily, without concentration, and with little appreciation. It isthe same old story of not being grateful for what we have until welose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill. I haveoften thought it would be a blessing if. each human being werestricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during hisearly adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative ofsight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. Now and then Ihave tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently Iwas visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a longwalk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed. “Nothingin particular.” She replied. 67. I might have been incredulous hadI not been accustomed to such responses, for long ago I becameconvinced that the seeing see little.
(From Three Days toSee)

                                                                       
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